Research Progress on the Application of "Cocktail" Therapy in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Total knee arthroplasty is one of the important surgical methods for end-stage knee osteoarthritis in elderly patients. However, due to the large surgical trauma, postoperative pain may occur to varying degrees, which not only affects patients' functional exercise, delays limb rehabilitation and increases hospitalization time but also increases postoperative medical expenses and complications risks. In recent years, the widely used joint periarticular local infiltration "cocktail" has become an ideal combination therapy for multimodal analgesia. This method aims to prevent and control postoperative pain by co-injecting several drugs (formulated drugs) into the surrounding area of the joint. Currently, the "cocktail" formulation is constantly being improved, and there is still a lack of unified standards regarding its formulation, injection method, and site. This article will review recent research progress on the use of "cocktail" treatment in total knee arthroplasty both domestically and internationally.