Feasibility Study for the Development of Geothermal Energy Resources in Egypt: Assessment of Power Generation and Direct-Use Applications in the Gulf of Suez, Red Sea, and Western Desert Regions

This feasibility study examines the potential for developing geothermal energy resources in Egypt, specifically targeting power generation and direct-use applications in the Gulf of Suez, Red Sea, and Western Desert regions. Egypt’s geothermal resources are primarily low to medium enthalpy, with surface temperatures ranging from 35°C to 76°C. In the Gulf of Suez, geothermal gradients of 45°C/km and heat flow values of 120 mW/m² indicate the viability of small-scale binary cycle power plants. The Hammam Faraun geothermal spring, in particular, shows an estimated geothermal reserve capacity of 12.4 MWt, highlighting its potential for localized power generation. Quantitative analysis suggests that geothermal wells in the Western Desert and thermal springs near Helwan (35-45°C) can be effectively used for direct-use applications, such as district heating, greenhouse agriculture, and recreational facilities. Developing these resources could provide an estimated 20-30 MWt of energy in the short term through pilot projects and small-scale installations.If implemented, this project would contribute to Egypt’s sustainability goals, particularly in achieving affordable and clean energy (SDG 7), climate action (SDG 13), and sustainable cities and communities (SDG 11). Utilizing geothermal energy would reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enhance energy diversity, and create opportunities for local economic growth, thus supporting Egypt’s transition to a more sustainable and resilient energy system.