Effectiveness of Spaced Repetition Techniques for Vocabulary Acquisition for English Language Learners in Maritime Industry

This study investigates the effectiveness of spaced repetition (SR) techniques for vocabulary acquisition and retention in adult English as a Second language (ESL) learners within the maritime industry. Twenty students conveniently sampled from a maritime English course participated. The research employed a mixed method approach with pre-test, post-test, and delayed post-test designs to assess vocabulary knowledge in both an Anki spaced repetition group and a rote memorization group. The classroom environment was observed to be friendly, supportive, and facilitated learning in the students’ first language. This likely contributed to a positive learning experience for both groups. Pre-test results confirmed the students in both groups were beginners (A1 level) in maritime English. Post-test results revealed that the rote memorization group achieved high scores in recalling exact definitions, demonstrating effectiveness for immediate recall. However, the Anki group displayed a deeper understanding of vocabulary concepts beyond simply memorizing definitions. A one-month delayed post-test highlighted the significant advantage of SR for long-term retention. The Anki group performed exceptionally well, while the rote memorization group struggled with vocabulary activities. This suggests that spaced practice facilitated the transition of learned vocabulary from short-term to long-term memory. These findings support the potential benefits of SR (Anki1) for fostering deeper vocabulary understanding and long-term retention compared to rote memorization techniques in adult ELLs learning maritime English. While the small sample size and convenient sampling method limit generalizability, this research provides valuable insights for future studies exploring SR effectiveness across various learning contexts and proficiency levels in the maritime industry. Keywords: English as a Second Language Learners; Maritime English; Spaced Repetition (SR); Vocabulary Acquisition