EVALUATING PROBIOTICS IN PEDIATRIC ANTIBIOTIC-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA: A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Background: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common side effect of antibiotic therapy in children, occurring in 5–49% of cases due to disruptions in gut microbiota. Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms conferring health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts, have shown promise in managing AAD. However, the efficacy and tolerability of specific probiotic strains remain under investigation. Objective: This review evaluates the efficacy and safety of probiotics in reducing the incidence and duration of AAD in children, focusing on evidence for the most effective strains and formulations. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted, synthesizing data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, and observational studies. Primary outcomes assessed included the incidence, duration, and severity of AAD among pediatric patients receiving probiotics alongside antibiotics. Results: Evidence indicates that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Saccharomyces boulardii effectively reduce AAD incidence and duration in children. Probiotics were well tolerated with minimal adverse effects reported. Conclusion: Probiotics, particularly LGG and S. boulardii, are effective in managing AAD in pediatric patients. Their use is associated with reduced diarrhea duration and minimal side effects, highlighting their potential as safe adjuncts to antibiotic therapy.