Analysis of the ecological and hydrochemical state of lake akkel in the conditions of foothill of dagestan

Water pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems. Industrial waste, agricultural fertilizers and domestic wastewater enter to water bodies, leading to the death of aquatic organisms and deterioration of the quality of drinking water. Particularly dangerous are heavy metals and pesticides, which can accumulate in living organisms, causing chronic diseases and genetic mutations. Solving of these problems requires an integrated approach. It is necessary to develop and implement water purification technologies, improve wastewater collection and processing systems, and introduce methods of the rational use of water in agriculture and industry. This work is based on our own materials, obtained during research es, conducted on Lake Akkel and its tributaries. Oz. Akkel has fresh water and is located in the eastern part of the Buinaksky district. From the data presented it is clear, that water samples, taken in different sites, may differ. For example, a noticeable excess of the concentration of nitrate ion was noted in samples, taken from areas 4 and 5. In other areas no excess on this indicator was observed. On hydrocarbonate ion water samples in points 1, 4-6 had overestimated values. Sample 6 had a particularly noticeable excess of sodium and magnesium cations, exceeding the maximum permissible values in 14 and 54 times, respectively. Water hardness was too high (153,0) at point N. 6. The conducted studies showed, that the water in the studied reservoir is characterized by favorable hydrochemical regime, with the exception of water hardness, a significant excess of which, according to many authors, can negatively effect on the reproduction of aquatic organisms, living in this reservoir. In addition, most aquatic plants are also sensitive to water hardness and prefer softer water environments.