Mastocytomas in dogs: the most common complications of surgical interventions

Mast cell tumors (MCTs) - is a malignant tumor consisting of mast cells (mastocytes). In English-language literature it is found under the terms "mast cell tumor", "mast cell sarcoma". It is highly common in dogs and is extremely important in the veterinary oncology field. Some breeds are predisposed to MCT development, including Boxer; Bull Terrier; French Bulldog; Golden Retriever; Labrador Retriever; Shar-pei; and Dachshund. On the other hand, some breeds present a lower risk of MCT development, including the German Shepherd, Chihuahua, Poodle, Yorkshire Terrier, and Cocker Spaniel. The metastatic potential of MCTs varies according to its histopathological classification, occurring in less than 10% of cases of well-differentiated mast cell tumors, in 5% to 22% of moderately differentiated neoplasms, and in 55% to 95% of poorly differentiated cases. In order to exclude tumor metastasis to internal organs, it is recommended to perform ultrasound of the abdominal cavity, computed tomography, with further determination of the metastasis site. In 8 out of 10 cases, we encountered a strong reaction to the suture material, regardless of its choice, as well as abundant exudation and alternation of various drainage systems. To wash the wound pocket and treat it, we used a 0.9% sodium chloride solution, or a combination of 0.9% sodium chloride solution and betadine in a ratio of 1:10. When using a 0.05% chlorhexidine solution, a decrease in the regenerative ability of the tissue and painful sensations during washing were eliminated. The further prognosis depends on the results of histological examination, the degree of malignancy, high/medium/low differentiated according to Patnaik and Kiupel. With highly differentiated mastocytoma, wide boundaries and clean edges of resection, the risk of metastasis is minimal and there is no need for chemotherapeutic treatment. However, it is always necessary to monitor the condition of the animal: a checkup by an oncologist, ultrasound of the liver and spleen monthly for the first 3 months, then gradually reduce the number of visits to 1 every 3 months three times, 1 every six months. Further recommendations for visits will depend on the oncologist' s discretion.