The role of the gut microbiome in Alzheimer's disease

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by progressive loss of memory and cognitive function. Although the etiopathogenesis of this condition is not yet fully understood, in recent years there has been a growing body of research indicating an important link between the gut microbiome and brain health, including its involvement in the pathogenesis of AD. Aim of the article: The purpose of this article is to outline the role of the gut microbiome in the development and progression of AD, and to discuss potential therapeutic strategies resulting from a better understanding of this relationship. State of the Art Brief: The gut microbiome, consisting of trillions of microorganisms, plays a key role in regulating immune response and neurological function through the gut-brain axis. Microbial imbalances in the gut, known as dysbiosis, can lead to chronic inflammation and increased intestinal permeability. Such conditions promote neuroinflammation, which is an important factor in the pathogenesis of AD. In addition, gut bacteria affect the production of metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which exhibit neuroprotective properties. Conclusions: Understanding the role of the gut microbiome in Alzheimer's disease opens up new therapeutic possibilities. Probiotics, prebiotics and dietary interventions can help restore microbial balance, reduce inflammation and improve brain health. Research on the gut microbiome may provide key information to develop innovative strategies for AD prevention and treatment.