Smart Border Wall Condition Monitoring Using Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Sensors

Observing and monitoring the country’s borders by human forces has disadvantages such as people’s negligence, limited field of vision, camouflage of the enemy in different ways, and life risks. Therefore, border control requires an intelligent, accurate, and highly sensitive system. Today, with the advancement of technology, many sensors have appeared. One of these sensors is based on the technology of “Fiber Optic Bragg Grating” (FBG) sensors. Present technology has received special consideration in the recent years because of its unique features. Optical fiber sensors have a special and significant advantage over other sensors due to their use over long distances and fast data byte transmission, as well as the effective sensitivity of these types of sensors to changes in their surrounding environment. Also, the applications of these types of sensors are economical, and by using optical fiber cables containing sensors along the border lines on the surface, the depth of the ground, or inside border barriers such as border walls, they can carefully monitor and control the physical changes in the environment in all parts of the borders of the country. The secondary goal of this study is to develop a machine-learning model capable of distinguishing outdoor events across three specific categories by examining the mirrored graphic representation of the shape of a wave waveform from the FBG sensor and classifying the outcomes into one of the defined categories. This article is a report on the proposal of the practical application of Indigenous technology of optical fiber Bragg (FBG) sensors in the “Iran Telecommunication Research Center’, which is used in the form of deployment inside the border wall as embedded sensor elements.