Design a Multi-layer Dielectric Lens with Beam Scanning Capability for 5G Communication System

This paper proposes a multilayer dielectric lens with a non-uniform permittivity coefficient. This lens can be placed in front of a base antenna to steer the 5 G band antenna beam direction. A method for combining the host dielectric layer with air in a multilayer structure has been used to achieve different permittivity coefficients in different parts of the lens. The simulation results for the proposed structure suggest that it is feasible to achieve the base antenna beam scanning in the range of $\mathrm{- 21}$ to $\mathrm{+ 21}$ degrees at $\mathrm{30} \mathrm{~ GHz}$ frequency. The main principle in this dielectric lens is the antenna gain variations deficiency over the beam scanning range. So, the maximum gain variation over the entire beam scanning range is less than 1 dB which is equivalent to about 5% of the total gain. The proposed multilayer lens structure requires less effort and time for the manufacturing process thereby having a lower cost compared to other perforating-based dielectric lens manufacturing methods.