Real-Time Railway Track Fault Detection and Environmental Monitoring System Using Arduino and GSM

In India, railways are a common and affordable mode of transportation, ranking as the fourth largest railway community worldwide. They serve as the primary means of passenger and long-distance travel, accounting for approximately 80% of transportation in the country. However Indian railways have issues like gate crossing, fire accidents and unmonitored track conditions leading to derailment. Most accidents happen at railway track crossings and due to unidentified cracks in the tracks resulting in loss of life and economic impact. These cracks occur due to seasonal changes which cause track contraction and expansion. To overcome these issues we need robust technology to detect cracks in railway tracks. This project uses sensors and a dynamic approach, with a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) module to send alert messages. Also, a coolant system is integrated to improve the durability of the tracks by mitigating the effects of extreme temperatures. An Arduino Microcontroller is used to control and coordinate the device's activities.