THE INFLUENCE OF BATTERY ELECTRIC AND PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE APPLICATION ON CO2 EMISSIONS

Energy efficiency and reliable range prediction are important for all vehicles, especially for public transport vehicles such as a supercapacitor electric city buses.This research was conducted experimentally and has shown that most energy can be saved by adequate acceleration and coasting (i.e.deceleration without braking) between two stops.For this particular vehicle the most efficient acceleration is achieved when the driver presses the accelerator pedal for the full travel (100%) until reaching the required speed, then coastdown.Speed oscillation and unnecessary "hesitation" to fully depress the pedal during acceleration are highly undesirable.Coasting was found out to be most effective in energy recuperation, but other constant low intensity deceleration modes have also positive effects.Proposed driving style can lower the energy consumption by around 28%, extending the driving range and reducing the need for recharging.For the fleet of 4 buses, the total annual energy saving could amount to around 86.8 MWh.