A measurement method for biomechanical factors in sprint: maximal anaerobic power and optimal cadence

A methodology for determining maximal anaerobic power and optimal pedaling cadence in sprint cyclists is presented, which is a key factor in track cycling performance. The study examines the impact of pedaling cadence on performance and emphasizes the importance of gear ratio selection for sprints. The research involved 10 professional sprint cyclists aged 15–19 years. Participants performed three maximal sprints with increasing resistance on a cycle ergometer equipped with an electronic braking system and sensors for precise measurement of left and right leg forces and pedaling cadence. This setup enabled the recording of force–cadence and power–cadence relationships. Data analysis was conducted using linear and quadratic regressions. Morphological assessments were conducted, including calculations of fat and muscle mass percentages using anthropometric methods. The study revealed significant interindividual differences in key performance parameters. Maximal power was achieved at an individual-specific optimal cadence, which varied by 20–40 %. The results validate the effec-tiveness of the proposed methodology for tailoring training processes to individual needs. The power–cadence relationship facilitates the determination of the optimal cadence at which max-imal power is attained. The findings underscore that adjusting the gear ratio to achieve the optimal pedaling cadence during sprints enables maximum performance and optimizes effort distribution during critical moments of track competition. The methodology provides tools for analyzing fatigue and other factors affecting performance. It enables precise evaluation of track cyclists' physical capabilities, optimizes training plans, enhances outcomes, and supports personalized tactical strategies, making it valuable for coaches and researchers in biomechanics and sports physiology.