MIDDLE EUPHRATES UNIVERSITY-FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY NAJAF CONSTRUCTION AND CONSTRUCTION DEPARTMENT: A STUDY OF HIS ANALYSIS ON THE EMERGENCE OF THE ANCIENT CITY OF NAJAF AND ITS URBAN DEVELOPMENT

There are natural and human factors that contributed to the emergence, growth and development of the city in a place devoid of resources, and a marginal desert location far from water, where there are no population attractions.The study of these factors confirmed the characteristics of the locality and location and their connection with the structure, existence and development of the city. Despite the importance of this factor in the emergence of Najaf, however, its role was weak compared to the relative impact of other factors, because the city of Najaf could not have continued and developed in such a position and location, in which the elements and components of the city are not available without the presence of other factors with a stronger and more effective impact, as well as the location takes a gradual elevation from East to West, so it is very difficult to dig open streams to deliver water This explains the factors and reasons that prompted the ancient inhabitants of Najaf to adopt certain types of ancient land uses, such as digging wells, creating underground rooms (basements), digging canals and shelters, erecting fences and Khans .the study showed that the religious factor was the main factor in the emergence of the city and giving it a religious character.