Features of the Diagnosis of Unilateral Narrowing of the Upper Alveolar Arch and Modeling of Complete Removable Prostheses

The variability in the shape of the alveolar arches is due to numerous etiological factors, which predetermines the methods of diagnosis and the choice of methods for modeling artificial dental arches in full removable dentures. Purpose. To determine the features of the diagnosis of unilateral narrowing of the superior alveolar arch and modeling of complete removable prostheses. Material and methods. The materials of the study are presented by a clinical case of a patient with unilateral narrowing of the upper jaw with the optimal size of the inferior alveolar arch. For diagnostics, a method for constructing geometric figures on scaled photographs of models of edentulous jaws is proposed. In particular, the parameters of the diagnostic triangle and the semi-ellipse made it possible to assess the deviation of the actual dimensions from the calculated indicators, taking into account the individuality of the dimensions of the gnathic part of the face. Results and discussion. The features of the shape and size of the alveolar arches in unilateral narrowing of the upper jaw determined the placement of artificial teeth along the midline of the alveolar ridge. At the same time, the shape of the dental arch did not correspond to the ellipse. The chewing teeth on the side of the narrowing of the upper jaw closed with the reverse overlap and the torchial values of the molars of the right and left sides were different. Conclusion. The results of the study made it possible to evaluate the modeling of artificial cross-occlusion with a change in the torque values of the molars on the side of the narrowing as an optimal occlusal equilibrium that provides a functional optimum of the masticatory apparatus in the complete absence of teeth in combination with unilateral narrowing of the upper jaw.