Optimal Reactive Power Compensation for Hybrid Multi-Source Systems Operating in Different IEEE Distribution Buses: Enhancing Voltage Stability and Loss Reduction

As interfaces between the bulk power system and consumers, radial distribution systems are known for their cost-effectiveness and simplicity. However, these systems often suffer from voltage drops and substantial power losses., especially as distances from substations increase, mainly due to insufficient reactive power from shunt capacitors. The challenge lies in determining the optimal placement and size of these capacitors. This paper presents a genetic algorithm (GA) approach to address the optimal capacitor placement (OCP) problem. The objective is to pinpoint the most effective locations and sizes for capacitors within distribution networks, aiming to minimize power losses and enhance voltage profiles. The GA method is selected for its efficiency in finding near-global optimal solutions while reducing computational effort. The proposed method's effectiveness is validated through extensive case studies on IEEE 9, 14, and 22 bus systems (0.7MVA), showcasing its efficiency and robustness across various levels of distribution system complexity. The results highlight significant improvements in energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness through optimal capacitor placement compared to traditional methods. Ultimately, this paper introduces a GA-based approach to solving the OCP problem, providing practical insights and solutions to improve the performance and reliability of radial distribution systems.