Fractional Order Controller Design for LFC of Two-Area Interconnected Power System with Time Delay Based on IMC Approach

Load frequency control (LFC) of a two-area connected electric power system is vital for maintaining grid stability and reliability by matching power generation with load demand. Thus, this work proposes an analytical approach for designing a fractional order (FO) controller to regulate the LFC of a two-area connected electrical power system with time delay. First, the interconnected electrical power system is accurately modelled as a FO system with time delay. Then, the FO controller is designed using the internal model control (IMC) technique, where a low-pass filter (LPF) is considered to mitigate the effect of the disturbances. The tuning parameter of the designed FO involves a single tuning parameter, which is analytically designed using gain crossover frequency criteria. The disturbance and parametric uncertainty analyses have been carried out to analyze the efficacy of the proposed method under the variation of tuning parameter. Then, the frequency and tie-line power fluctuations are estimated under nominal and parametric uncertainty conditions. Also, its performance has been compared to recent state-of-the-art techniques for precise efficacy analysis.