Recent Advances in Understanding the Pathophysiology and Risk Stratification of Post-Intubation Hypotension

Research indicates that post-intubation hypotension (PIH) is the most frequent complication of intubation, potentially leading to acute myocardial infarction, renal failure, extended hospitalizations, and poor outcomes. Key physiological parameters such as age, body mass index, and baseline blood pressure are closely linked to PIH incidence. Induction drugs significantly influence the mechanisms of PIH, with varying drugs and administration methods impacting hemodynamic stability. Furthermore, the complexity of the intubation procedure exacerbates PIH by stimulating the vagus nerve and affecting cardiac output. Although current research aims to identify risk factors and physiological mechanisms of PIH, the absence of uniform diagnostic criteria impedes the comparability of results. Future studies should focus on establishing clear diagnostic standards, optimizing induction drug choices and procedural techniques, and integrating early warning indicators with personalized intervention strategies to decrease PIH incidence and enhance patient outcomes.