Implementation of Green Infrastructure for Stormwater Management in Manado City: A Case Study of the Tondano Watershed Area

Development in the Tondano watershed increases the built-up area, which might impact the watershed condition, such as environmental disruption leading to runoff, flooding, and even disaster. Green infrastructure (GI) is a concept or approach to ensuring a sustainable environment. Green infrastructure is an innovative stormwater management approach that provides numerous other environmental benefits and can help reduce flooding, water pollution, and climate change mitigation. The purpose of this research is to determine the potential applications of green infrastructure in the Tondano watershed. The study method employed is spatial analysis with a Boolean-overlay approach, in which spatial data in the type of green infrastructure determinants are studied to identify potential locations for its implementation. According to the results of the prospective location analysis, the Tondano watershed can accommodate ten different types of green infrastructure: dry ponds, constructed wetlands, infiltration trenches, infiltration basins, bio-retention, vegetated filter strips, grass swales, sand filters, permeable pavement, and cisterns. Eventually, the concept of green infrastructure could be acknowledged as sustainable and applied in watershed areas, such as the Tondano watershed.