Risk factors for the development of thromboembolic complications in patients with polytrauma

Annotation. Skeletal injuries in polytrauma occur in 73-95% of cases and quite often lead to irreversible shock. In their structure, bone fractures of the lower limbs and pelvis occur with a frequency of 65-75% and, to a large extent, are one of the main causes of venous thromboembolism. The aim of our study was to determine risk factors for thromboembolic complications among patients with polytrauma. Our study involved 163 patients who met the criteria for inclusion in the study and were treated at the Odesa City Clinical Hospital № 11 from 2013 to 2022. The age structure of the victims differed significantly in the study groups. Thus, in the experimental group, the average age of the victims was 46.8±7.5 years, and in the control group, the average age was 38.7±6.2 years (р≤0.05). Among patients in the experimental group, BMI was 27.8±3.2 kg/m², and in the control group, this indicator was 24.9±3.0 kg/m² (р≤0.05). Modern prophylactic regimens have reduced the frequency of preoperative DVT in polytrauma patients, but orthopedists should still pay attention to patients aged >46 years, BMI > 26 kg/m2, time from injury to surgery >9 days, and elevated levels of platelets and fibrinogen. A better understanding of these risk factors may help surgeons refine the risk stratification profile and guide early multidisciplinary management of patients with polytrauma and venous thromboembolism.