The Impact of Increased Maternal Body Mass Index on Fetomaternal Outcome in Labour and Delivery

Background: Maternal obesity during pregnancy is now seen as one of the most common risk factors that can lead to negative outcomes for both mothers and their babies. Obesity is becoming a more significant concern in the field of obstetrics, and it is imperative that we prioritize its management. Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the fetomaternal outcome among pregnant women with different BMI. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional analytical study was conducted on the admitted patients with full term singleton pregnancy in labour in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital from July 2021 to January 2022. A total of 150 pregnant women with full term singleton pregnancy in labour were selected fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed written consent was taken from each respondent. All data relevant to variables of the study was collected in a data collection sheet. Results: Study revealed a significant difference between normal and overweight BMI in Anaemia, with 34 (45.33%) vs 12 (16%) p<0.001. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus 4 (5.33%) vs 13 (17.33%), respectively p 0.02, Preeclampsia 5 (6.67%) vs 14 (18.67%), respectively p 0.02, Large for Gestational Age 2 (2.67%) vs 11 (14.7%), respectively p 0.009, and Small for Gestational Age 12 (16.0) vs 4 (5.33%), respectively p 0.03. Macrosomia (>4.0kg), APGAR score < 7 at 1min and NICU admission were significantly higher in overweight/obese mother compare to normal weight group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Overweight/obese during pregnancy carries high maternal and fetal risks. Increase in the need for induction of labor, instrumental delivery, caesarean section was associated with pregnancies complicated with overweight/obese.