Evaluation of Candida SPP involvement in women ingesting contraceptives according to the latest classification

Introduction: The study evaluated the relationship between contraceptive use and the presence of *Candida* species in the periodontal microbiome of women. *Candida albicans* was identified as the most common species, although others such as *C. parapsilosis* and *C. tropicalis* were also detected. These yeasts showed a higher prevalence in inflammatory conditions and in advanced stages of periodontal disease. In addition, the influence of female hormones and contraceptives in the alteration of the periodontal microenvironment, favoring the growth of opportunistic species, was considered. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 100 women, divided into two groups: contraceptive users (n=50) and non-users (n=50). Microbiological samples were collected from various oral surfaces using culture techniques, chromogenic methods and PCR. Participants included immunocompetent women with various periodontal conditions, excluding those with systemic diseases, recent antimicrobial use or smoking habits. Results: Eighty-two *Candida* isolates were identified, with *C. albicans* (34) and *C. parapsilosis* (16) standing out. There were no significant differences in *Candida* colonization between healthy women and women with gingivitis, regardless of contraceptive use. However, in advanced stages of periodontitis, the prevalence of *Candida* was significantly increased in contraceptive users. Conclusions: Contraceptive use did not significantly influence *Candida* colonization in healthy or gingivitis women, but it did in advanced stages of periodontitis. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring periodontal microbiota in women with hormonal changes or hormonal treatments, considering the potential impact of *Candida* as a reservoir of opportunistic infections.