Nanoparticle-Based Cancer Treatment: Limitations, Challenges, and Future Applications

One of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity, cancer has complicated pathogenesis. Traditional cancer treatments include chemotherapy, radiation, targeted, and immunotherapy. However, limitations, including lack of specificity, cytotoxicity, and multidrug resistance, are significant obstacles to effective cancer therapy. The field of cancer detection and treatment has undergone a revolution with the development of nanotechnology. Due to their unique benefits, such as biocompatibility, less toxicity, excellent stability, higher permeability and retention impact, and precision targeting, nanoparticles (1-100 nm) may be utilized to treat cancer. There are numerous significant categories into which nanoparticles fall. The unique nanoparticle medication delivery technology uses features of the tumor and tumor surroundings. Nanoparticles not only circumvent multidrug resistance but also address the shortcomings of traditional cancer therapy. Moreover, nanoparticles are aggressively researched as novel multidrug resistance pathways are uncovered and analyzed. Nano formulations' many therapeutic implications have opened up fresh possibilities in the fight against cancer. Most research, however, is restricted to in vivo and in vitro experiments, and the number of Nanomedicines authorized throughout time has remained relatively high. This study covers many nanoparticle kinds, and targeting strategies, and tasked Nano therapeutics with oncological applications in cancer treatment. We also summarize the pros, disadvantages, and present state of clinical translation.