Postoperative cognitive dysfunction: definition, classification and risk factors

One of the common and current adverse events following surgery is postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). At the same time, there are no unified temporal and clinical criteria for its classification, and approaches to diagnosis and treatment are predominantly empirical. Based on a literature review, the leading risk factors for the development of both postoperative delirium (POD) and POCD itself have been identified, and factors that can reduce the likelihood of cognitive impairment after surgery have been highlighted. The pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the development of POCD are discussed. The authors have established that POCD and POD are significant clinical problems requiring interdisciplinary efforts and a comprehensive approach to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Keywords: postoperative cognitive dysfunction, postoperative delirium, surgery, anesthetics, cognitive impairment, dementia.