Prevalence and Risk Factors of Taenia saginata Infections in Humans and Cattle: A Zoonotic Perspective

Background: Taenia saginata infections are a major zoonotic issue that affect both humans and cattle across the globe. This research explores the prevalence and risk factors tied to T. saginata infections in humans and cattle, with a focus on a One Health perspective to understand how the parasite spreads and to pinpoint effective control strategies. Methods: Over the course of a year, a cross-sectional study was conducted in areas where the infections are common, involving 500 human participants and 400 cattle. Data collection included structured interviews, analysis of stool and blood samples, and post-mortem examinations. Diagnostic tools used were microscopic analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Statistical evaluations helped determine prevalence rates and associated risk factors. Results: The study revealed that 25% of humans and 30% of cattle were infected with T. saginata. Key human risk factors included eating raw or undercooked beef (odds ratio: 3.2), open defecation (OR: 2.8), and inadequate sanitation (OR: 2.1). For cattle, significant risk factors were free-range grazing (OR: 3.5), contaminated water sources (OR: 3.0), and insufficient veterinary care (OR: 2.2). These results underscore the interconnected factors sustaining the parasite's lifecycle. Conclusions: The findings emphasize the urgent need for coordinated measures to control infections. Strategies should include improving sanitation, managing cattle grazing, educating the public about safe beef consumption, and strengthening meat inspection processes. Tackling the issue through a multidisciplinary One Health approach is vital to mitigate the economic and health burdens caused by this zoonotic parasite.