TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MEDICAL TERMS IN SPECIALIZED TRANSLATION: THE CASE OF ENGLISH BORROWINGS IN POLISH MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

The paper performs a comparative analysis of medical terminology translation. It focuses on English loanwords across Polish medical terminology, demonstrating the intricate processes of adaptation and integration that enable Polish to import foreign terms while maintaining linguistic coherence. The Family Medicine Forum presents an ideal corpus for researchers interested in tracking and categorizing anglicisms. These terms often appear as direct loanwords, loan blends, or calques, offering a wide range of examples for linguistic classification. The borrowing of English medical terms into Polish is a complex process that involves phonological, morphological, and syntactic adaptation, as well as expansion of meaning. The treatment of proper nouns and brand names, along with the use of lexical calques, demonstrates the ability of Polish to adapt complex technical terms while preserving their original meaning and international recognizability. The study highlights the flexibility of Polish in accommodating English borrowings, especially in specialized medical discourse, where terminological accuracy appears crucial. The findings demonstrate the role of linguistic adaptation in ensuring that borrowed terms are fully integrated into the target language, both grammatically and semantically, enabling effective communication in professional contexts.