Research on Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Ecological Evolution in North China Based on Computer Machine Learning and GIS Spatial Analysis

The agro-pastoral ecotone is an ecologically fragile and sensitive area. Based on multi-source data, this research analyzes the Geo-Informatic tupu and forecasts of the ecological evolution of Ordos city in the agro-pastoral zone from 1990 to 2020. The findings reveal that: (1) Fractional vegetation cover(FVC) has been in a tendency to decrease first and then continue to increase in the last 30 years, with a total of 85% of regions with medium or higher cover by 2020.(2)The Land-Use and Land-Cover Change(LUCC)has remained relatively stable over the last 30 years, with unused land dominating the stable areas $(43.38 \%)$ and unused land changing to woodland dominating the changing areas ($\gt14 \% / 10 a$), and ecological restoration measures being effective, with farmland forecast being turned mainly to grassland $\mathbf{(9 . 5 6 \%}$) and unused land to woodland $(9.20 \%)$ between 2020 and 2030.(3)In the last 30 years, the average annual temperature and annual equivalent precipitation have been fluctuating upwards, and the annual equivalent precipitation line has been moving in and out widely, with extreme drought (200mm) in 2000 and 2005, and the forecast indicates that temperature and humidity will continue to rise slowly in the future. It is found that the ecological quality of Ordos has fluctuated and improved over time due to the positive and negative effects of climate change and human activities. Therefore, ecological restoration and governance play a pivotal role, and scientific measures to deal with climate change in the future are essential to prevent ecological risks.