Heuristic Iteration Approach for Load and Voltage Optimization in Single-Phase Distribution Systems at Three-Phase Transformers

Load and voltage imbalances in single-phase low-voltage distribution systems are persistent challenges that often lead to increased neutral cur-rents, power losses, and equipment degradation. This paper introduces the Heuristic Deviation Percentage Iteration (HDPI) method as a novel approach to ef-fectively mitigate these issues. The HDPI method leverages 24-hour load data to iteratively redistribute imbalances between phases, achieving significant re-ductions in neutral currents and power losses while improving phase balance. A case study conducted on a distribution network in Indonesia demonstrates the method's effectiveness, achieving a reduction in phase imbalance from 13.44% to 3.75%, reducing neutral currents by up to 68%, and decreasing power losses by 45%. The methodology is computationally efficient, cost-effective, and designed for seamless integration with existing infrastructure, making it suitable for deployment in developing regions. This paper also explores the potential for integrating real-time IoT-based dynamic balancing solutions to enhance scala-bility and adaptability in complex grid systems. These findings underscore the HDPI method's potential to serve as a practical, scalable, and economical solution for improving the operational reliability and efficiency of distribution networks worldwide.