Analysis of Field Measurement Data for Domestic Water Demand and Diurnal Consumption

This study from the National Institute of Urban Infrastructure Planning (NIUIP), UET Peshawar, estimates home water demand and diurnal water usage trends. Understanding these patterns is essential for building effective water supply systems, especially in urban areas with changing water demand. The study measured water usage with ultrasonic sensors in several households. Over nine months, data was collected and compared to a three-month trial to confirm the methods. Ultrasonic sensors were chosen for precision and precise consumption patterns. Average daily water demand per person is 188 liters, according to the report. The study also established daily and weekly water usage patterns that matched the prior study, proving the methodology's trustworthiness. The study was limited to one home and timeframe, but the results are appealing. The study should be extended to include households from different socioeconomic backgrounds and institutions such educational, office, commercial, health facilities, and mosques for more comprehensive insights and more solid results.