Analysis of minimally invasive surgical techniques and temporomandibular joint prostheses

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the only mobile joint between the bones of the head, playing a crucial role in jaw movements and functions such as chewing, speaking and swallowing. TMJ dysfunctions (TMD) are disorders of multifactorial etiology that affect a significant percentage of the population,and are manifested through pain and functional alterations. This work reviews the pathophysiology of TMJ and the various treatment options, including minimally invasive surgical techniques such as arthrocentesis and arthroscopy. Advances in the development of TMJ prostheses are also analyzed, which, although they have proven to be effective, still present challenges related to biocompatibility and their adaptation in patients with atypical anatomies or in growing children. It is concluded that the management of TMD must be interdisciplinary, always seeking treatments that minimize invasion and maximize long- term functionality.