Framework for Preliminary Survey Design in Digital Transformation of Physics Laboratory Education: A Case Study on Optics Experiments

In the context of digital and networked educational reform, comprehensive preliminary surveys are essential for data-driven transformations in STEM laboratory courses. This study develops a systematic survey design framework to support the digital reform of the General Physics Laboratory: Optics course, focusing on accurately capturing multi-dimensional stakeholder needs. The paper outlines the theoretical foundations, core design principles, participant selection strategies, survey objectives, data collection methods, and quality assurance measures that collectively ensure a scientifically robust and practically applicable survey structure. Through a detailed case study, we demonstrate the application of this framework, including the design and implementation of survey modules, platform selection, data collection, and analytical approaches. Results indicate the framework's effectiveness in gathering actionable feedback from students, instructors, and administrators, thereby guiding targeted digital improvements. Expert evaluation further validates the framework, offering insights for iterative refinements. This study not only advances digital transformation in physics laboratory education but also provides a transferable model for similar reforms across STEM disciplines.