Efficient Resource Allocation in Femtocell Networks: Distributed Power and Channel Control

In the 5G era, the emergence of various base stations and the extensive deployment across large areas exacerbate the interference problem, particularly between macro base stations and micro base stations. To address these challenges, we consider both inter-layer and intra-layer interference and propose a comprehensive mechanism for clustering-based resource allocation. This mechanism consists of three key components. First, we cluster the femtocell base stations (FBS). The FBSs are then classified into optimal disjoint clusters through graph theory and convex optimization, making the system more adaptive. Second, we allocate channels to users using a subchannel allocation algorithm that prioritizes user fairness, assigning subchannels to both the femtocell users (FUE) and the macro users (MUE) based on rate fairness. Finally, the FBS employs distributed power allocation to minimize power adjustment complexity. Results demonstrate that the proposed method suppresses both inter-layer and intra-layer interference effectively, enhances the average user rate and increases overall user satisfaction.