Assessment of the resilience of Orchidaceae Juss. species in the northeastern region of the European part of Russia in response to anthropogenic impacts using hemeroby indicator

The article examines the limitations of resistance to anthropogenic influences among certain members of the Orchidaceae family. This assessment is conducted in the context of planning environmental protection strategies and formulating scientifically grounded conservation recommendations. The research focused on twelve species within the Orchidaceae family, analyzing a total of 145 geobotanical descriptions related to these species. To assess the degree of resistance of each species to anthropogenic impacts, the hemeroby indicator was used. The findings indicate that the majority of the species analyzed are classified within the nemoral ecological-coenotic group (ECG), with the exceptions including Goodyera repens and Calypso bulbosa , which are clategorized as boreal ECG species, and Gymnadenia conopsea, Dactylorhiza maculata, and D. incarnata , which are identified as hygrophilic ECG species. Notable patterns have emerged from the investigation, revealing that mesohemerobic species dominate the community composition, followed by oligohemerobic species, and subsequently b-euhemerobic species. The representation of anthropotolerant species does not exceed 33%. Among the species studied, Cypripedium calceolus and Platanthera bifolia exhibit the greatest resistance to anthropogenic impacts, characterized by relatively low average apophytism values in comparison to other species. Based on the real hemeroby index (RHI), it is concluded that the majority of the species examined are categorized as moderately resistant to complex anthropogenic influences.