Governance challenges and strategic opportunities for implementing circular economy in greenhouse horticulture: A case study from the Netherlands

Research background: Circular economy is promoted as a sustainable and efficient economic model in all industries. In the European agricultural sector, and particularly in greenhouse horticulture, its implementation presents both substantial opportunities and significant challenges that must be addressed effectively. The European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has the potential to act as a critical catalyst for the adoption of circular economy through its subsidy and support mechanisms. However, progress remains constrained by a lack of comprehensive information on how governance can effectively advance circular economy in different countries and sectors. This gap persists due to the failure to identify several key aspects, and current CAP mechanisms do not adequately address these issues, thereby limiting their effectiveness in promoting a circular economy. Purpose of the article: To identify key government actors influencing the implementation of circular economy in Dutch greenhouse horticulture, assess the transformative potential of their initiatives and evaluate factors that hinder or facilitate progress. Methods: A review of the scientific literature, application of the Governance Assessment Tool (GAT), and validation of the results by key stakeholders involved. Findings & value added: By applying the GAT, this article offers a detailed assessment of the governance dimensions affecting the implementation of circular economy in greenhouse horticulture in the Netherlands. The research reveals that effective governance is crucial for coordinating and collaborating among various involved stakeholders, such as producers, cooperatives, and auxiliary industries. The challenges highlighted include the lack of consensus among market actors and the need for more coherent policies. Currently, strategic opportunities are identified to improve implementation, such as strengthening public policies and promoting investments in sustainable technologies. Evaluation of these governance dimensions allows for determining where to focus time and resources to advance the implementation of circular economy, transforming current limitations into opportunities to support and enhance the transition process.