Evaluation of new release Global Geopotential Model (GGMS) over East Malaysia

Global Geopotential Model (GGM) is a mathematical representation of the Earth’s gravity field and geoid, which is developed to provide accurate information about the variations in the Earth’s gravitational potential across the entire globe. Recently numerous organizations and research centres have developed multi GGMs derived from several types of available gravity and height datasets to estimate orthometric heights from GNSS measurements. In this study, we present an accuracy evaluation and assessment of the nineteen recent and popular GGMS using actual GNSS/levelling points, and gravity anomaly points. The goal of this research is to find the optimum model for the study area which is located in the East Malaysia for further determination of geoid modelling in the regional scale. The selection of these areas basically is due to their renowned for uncontrolled topography and various datums. The results indicate that for geoid undulation, the XGM2019e_2159 with value of 0.195 model is the best fit GGM for the estimation model for East Malaysia. For gravity anomalies, the most reliable GGM for the study area is GO_CONS_GCF_2_DIR_R5 with RMSE of 32.456