Cluster Analysis of Paperless Trade Implementation in Customs Procedures: Case Study of Uzbekistan

This paper provides cluster analysis and comparative analysis (Singapore, Turkey, and the Philippines) of trade facilitation implementation in customs related procedures of Uzbekistan. The study assesses 60 variables based on the data from UN Regional Commissions (2015-2023), related to paperless trade in customs. Major findings show significant gaps in Uzbekistan's trade facilitation adoption rate with the lack of a National Trade Facilitation Committee, underdeveloped electronic single window systems, and lack of risk management. Uzbekistan shows lower indicators than the comparison countries in certain areas. Our paper includes theoretical and practical contributions, providing a roadmap for Uzbekistan to advance its paperless trade framework and align with global standards.