Network Pharmacology and Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Indonesian Medicine in Hypertension Treatment

Scientific herbal formulations are used clinically to treat hypertension, but their functional molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study was identified the molecular pathways by which scientific herbal remedies for treating hypertension work. The identified compounds were then excluded by measuring oral bioavailability and drug similarity. The network was created using Cytoscape version 3.8, and the predicted target information was obtained from a number of databases, including SwissTarget Prediction, STRING, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The decoction’s method for lowering hypertension was then clarified using an enrichment analysis. It was discovered that bioavailability and drug similarity metrics existed for a total of 44 identified substances. The results of pathway analysis using KEGG revealed that the potential targets were correlated antihypertensive mechanism of herbal medicine such as the HIF-1 signaling pathway, Relaxin signaling pathway, PI3K signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Scientific herbal formulas' pressure-lowering mechanisms include those related to vascular endothelium and atherosclerosis, which involve several signaling pathways such as the HIF-1 signaling pathway, the Relaxin signaling pathway, the PI3K signaling pathway, and the MAPK signaling pathway.