Electrochemical fingerprints of the electronic band structure of two-dimensional materials

Two-dimensional (2D) materials and their unique tunable properties have captivated scientists for two decades. Electrochemistry is a mature research field that has succeeded in tackling many of the modern scientific topics. The convergence of these two scientific disciplines has crystallized into a unique interdisciplinary field with rewarding outcomes. The topics covered by the electrochemistry of 2D materials include examination of the electrocatalytic activity at different surfaces, electrochemical tunneling through 2D layers, and charge carrier density modulation by electrolyte gating. Most recently, the prospect of observing electrochemical effects arising from the features of the electronic band structure has driven much of the research on the spectroelectrochemistry of 2D semiconductors, dual-gate control over the electrochemical reactions, and electrochemistry of moiré heterostructures. Although the investigation of these electrochemical fingerprints of the electronic band structure faces challenges related to involved sample fabrication, advanced instrumentation, and intellectual stumbling blocks, it has already unveiled the enormous potential worthy of future research efforts. • Properties of two-dimensional materials are highly tunable by electrochemical methods. • Flat bands in twist-angle bilayer graphene enhance the electrochemical kinetics. • Conversion of the applied voltage to electrostatic potential remains a challenge.