Body Composition Analysis of Indian National Female Boxers: A Comparative Study among Various Weight Categories

Introduction: Body composition is a critical determinant of performance in weight-sensitive sports like boxing, influencing strength, endurance, and compliance with weight class requirements. This study examines body composition parameters among national junior and youth female boxers across weight categories. Methods: A total of 54 athletes, aged 15 to 18 years were categorized into three weight classes: Lightweight (46–54 kg), Middleweight (57–66 kg), and Heavyweight (70–80+ kg). Body composition parameters, including fat mass, fat-free mass, skeletal muscle mass, hydration, and basal metabolic rate, were assessed using a multifrequency BIA device. Statistical analyses, such as ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation, were employed to examine differences and relationships among variables. Results: Heavier boxers had significantly higher fat mass (22.81 ± 6.20 kg), skeletal muscle mass (29.43 ± 2.51 kg), and basal metabolic rate (1506.06 ± 94.98 kcal/day) compared to lighter boxers (p < 0.001). However, skeletal muscle mass percentage decreased with weight class, reflecting a relative increase in adiposity. Hydration levels positively correlated with skeletal muscle mass (r=0.977) and inversely with fat mass (r=-1.000). Segmental analysis revealed heavier boxers had significantly greater lean mass in the trunk (23.87 ± 1.79 kg) and limbs, alongside higher fat accumulation in the trunk (11.84 ± 3.27 kg). Notably, energy expenditure metrics aligned with body composition, highlighting increased demands in heavier categories. Conclusion: Body composition differences across weight categories reflect the distinct physical demands of each class. Heavier boxers display greater absolute muscle and fat mass but lower relative muscle mass.