Isolation and molecular detection of Leptospira from pigs

Leptospirosis is a globally significant zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira spp., affecting animals and humans. In animals, different serovars of Leptospira exist depending on varied geographic locations. Leptospirosis in pigs can lead to a range of health issues, including reproductive failure, abortions, and stillbirths. It may also cause neonatal mortality, as infected piglets are highly susceptible, leading to significant economic losses in swine production due to reduced litter sizes and poor health outcomes. Hence, this study was undertaken to detect Leptospira from pigs with history of abortions. Serum and whole blood samples were collected from of 23 pigs with history of abortion from some organised pig farms in Kerala. Blood samples were screened for the presence of Leptospira using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the loa22 gene followed by isolation in Ellinghausen McCullough Johnson Harris (EMJH) media. For the detection of antileptospiral antibodies, MAT was carried out. Two out of 23 serum samples were positive for MAT and the serovars positive were Australis and Pomona (1:200 dilution). The same samples were tested positive in PCR. One isolate was obtained and confirmed using loa22 gene-specific PCR. Keywords: Leptospirosis, Isolates, MAT, PCR