Detection of virulence genes in Salmonella enteric serovar typhi isolated from typhoid fever patients

Aims:The objectives of this study were to determine the occurrences of Salmonella typhi in typhoid fever based on age and gender and to assess the antibiogram profile against various regularly prescribed antibiotics.Methodology and results: 166 blood and stool samples are collected from Central Public Health Laboratory patients with clinical suspicions.This study was conducted between October 2021 and April 2022.Cultural and biochemical tests were used for identification and then the Vitek2 method was used to confirm the identification.A5 (57%) of the genes often linked to S. typhi virulence were found using a straightforward PCR experiment.In addition, this study found two virulence-related genes utilizing specialized primers: ctdB and invA.Out of 166 isolates, 95 (57%) tested positive for cdtB, while 71(42.7%) of the invA (typhi Vi) gene isolated strains also tested positive for additional virulence genes.Each isolate was tested for antibiotic sensitivity using 10 different antibiotics.These results of the inhibition zone (30 mm) indicate that imipeneme and cefotaxime are the two most effective anti-S.typhi treatments. Conclusion, significance and impact of study:Typhoid fever is a severe public health problem exposed to patients of all ages.However, children between 1 and 10 are particularly susceptible and can help researchers understand how S. typhi virulence genotypes and antibiotic resistance are transmitted.Due to the advent of multi-drug-resistant S. typhi, it is complicated for doctors to treat the infection.However, it was discovered in this research that cefotaxime and imipenem, two antibiotics, are still effective against S. typhi.Therefore, good practices should be implemented while administering these antibiotics to prevent problems with multi-drug resistance.