Effects of exogenous insulin on the activity of FOXP3 gene for patients with type 1 diabetes in Mosul city

Aims: Regardless of origin or purity, insulin treatment can still cause various immune reactions in diabetic patients.However, major immune problems are uncommon, and less severe events have long-lasting effects on immune responses.FOXP3-expressing regulatory T cells are essential intermediaries of dominant immunological tolerance to one's body.The current study intends to quantify the amount of gene expression of the FOXP3 gene in patients with type 1 diabetes. Methodology and results:This study was conducted on 26 diabetic patients (11 males and 15 females) between the ages of 15-25 diagnosed with type 1 diabetes five years ago and on insulin injections.The patients were divided into four groups, depending on the type of injection used to control glucose levels (Actrapid, Mixtard, Insulatard and Actrapid/Insulatard). qPCR technology was used to extract the gene expression level of the FOXP3 gene and to ensure the level complied with the changes in the cycle threshold (Ct).The control group included seven healthy individuals, ages 15-28 of both sexes, without autoimmune disorders or chronic diseases.By using the statistical analysis software program (Duncan test), the results showed a significant increase in gene expression of the FOXP3 gene depending on the value of the change in Ct of diabetic patients within the study groups compared to the change in Ct with the control group when p<0.05.The results also showed significant differences between the four groups within the study sample for the expression level of the FOXP3. Conclusion, significance and impact of study:The presence of different immune responses against insulin injected into patients with type 1 diabetes is represented by an increase in the inhibition activities of the T regulatory cells, which indicates the development of other autoimmune diseases.