Epidemics as Political Emergencies in Democratic Contexts. Legitimacy and Political Responsibilities Concerning NPI Implementation

This paper aims to discuss pandemics and epidemics as political emergencies and the political implications of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). It argues that a comprehensive justification for NPI implementation necessitates not only support from the scientific community, but also a deep understanding of their ethical sustainability and moral fairness. The successful implementation of NPIs is also underpinned by political legitimation and fair attribution of political responsibilities and accountability. The paper will explore how such legitimation is attainable during public health emergencies that involve temporary suspensions of standard rules and norms in liberal and democratic regimes. It argues that the legitimation of extraordinary health policies is rooted in the impartiality of the measures, non-discriminatory nature, the transparency of the emergency procedure that led to their implementation, and the close relationship between authorities and the citizens they serve.