Energy and Spectrum Efficiency Estimation based on Distortion Generated by Class B/J Power Amplifier

This paper presents a detailed analysis of the impact of SISO two-tone and MISO multitone systems on spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) for both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) transmissions. The power amplifier (PA) is a nonlinear device that distorts the signal, creating intermodulated and harmonic signals. The non-linearity term is defined as the 3rd-order intercept point (IP3), which provides a representation of the distortion provided by PA. This distortion negatively impacts wireless transmission, affecting both spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE). The IP3 = 48 dB is selected based on the nonlinearity of ideal and practical B/J PA. High-efficiency class B/J PAs are known for their ability to provide a wide range of frequencies and high output power. A B/J PA with a frequency range of 0.5-3.25 GHz and output power of 41.75 dBm is considered for the analysis. The study shows that nonlinearity reduces spectral efficiency (SE) in both NLOS and LOS scenarios compared to the ideal case. Additionally, the energy efficiency (EE) of a practical power amplifier is lower than in the ideal case due to power loss caused by nonlinear distortion.