End-to-End BER for M-QAM-driven FD Relay Network under Nakagami-m Fading

This work investigates the performance of a full duplex (FD) relay network driven by quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) under the realistic condition. We derive an analytical expression for the end-to-end bit error rate (BER), accounting for fading characteristics modeled by the Nakagami-m distribution. The accuracy of the derived expressions is validated through Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Additionally, we analyze the impact of key parameters, such as transmit power and fading conditions, on the system’s performance using the derived expressions.