Simulating Electric Vehicle Impact on Power Grids—A Comparative Analysis of Modeling Approaches

The advent of electric vehicles (EVs) promises a greener alternative to fossil fuel-dependent transportation but introduces new challenges to power grid stability due to their unique demand characteristics. As the penetration rate of EVs accelerates, understanding their impact on power grids becomes crucial. This paper presents a comparative analysis of different modeling approaches for simulating the impact of EVs on power grids. Through this analysis, we aim to highlight the significance of robust simulation models in evaluating grid responses to EV charging demands, exploring demand response strategies, and facilitating vehicle-to-grid integration. The comparison spans several modeling techniques, from traditional steady-state analyses to dynamic agent-based models, providing insights into their applicability, strengths, and limitations in capturing the complexities of EV-grid interactions.