Efficient Routing in Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Systems

Due to their specific characteristics and environmental conditions, underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) provide unique obstacles that make terrestrial routing algorithms useless. Routing protocols suited for energy efficiency, resilience, and scalability must be developed due to the severe underwater environment. In order to offer creative ideas for improving network performance in terms of network lifetime and time consumption, this article delves into the complex subtleties of UWSNs. The paper proposes a mathematical model for energy consumption, taking into consideration the two most significant effects of underwater communication, i.e. absorption and scattering. We also proposed the Shortest Path First Algorithm for routing. Then, we introduce the fuzzy logic controller, which will serve as an optimization to the novel idea of the SPF algorithm proposed for multi-node routing. According to the evaluation’s findings, the suggested SPFA outperforms the original Bellman Ford regarding energy savings and average latency.