The Influence of Forest Stand Parameters on Radio Signal Strength in Forested Environments

The reliability of the radio signal during data transmission in forested areas is a key factor for the effective operation of wireless communication systems. This study analyzes the influence of forest stand parameters on radio signal strength and proposes methods for optimizing data transmission in forest environments. It has been established that signal attenuation depends on the frequency of radio waves and the presence of physical obstacles, such as trees, branches, and terrain features. When the signal transitions from areas with minimal obstacles to a forest environment, complex diffraction effects arise, significantly affecting the quality of data transmission. Important roles are played by stand parameters, including the diameter and height of tree trunks, as well as the density of vegetation. Measurements conducted in two plots of the Kartashevsky District Forestry in the Leningrad region using wireless devices confirmed a significant decrease in radio signal strength depending on the forest's biometric parameters. In particular, trees with a large trunk diameter cause substantial signal attenuation, especially at short distances, which must be taken into account when designing wireless communication systems. The results obtained underscore the necessity for a reevaluation of approaches to designing monitoring systems to enhance their reliability in the challenging conditions of forested areas.