Uncovering women’s healthcare access challenges in low- and middle-income countries using mixed effects modelling approach: Insights for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

Approximately two-thirds of women face healthcare access problems. Sociodemographic factors such as age, education, marital status, wealth, media exposure, and health insurance are associated with lower odds of experiencing healthcare access issues. On the other hand, factors such as divorce/widowhood, the number of young children, household size, female household heads, rural residence, and region have been linked to higher odds of facing healthcare access challenges. To address these disparities, policies, and interventions should focus on vulnerable populations by improving access to health insurance, increasing educational attainment, and providing support for single mothers and large households. Additionally, tailored regional approaches may be necessary to overcome barriers to healthcare access.