nfrastructure of Protective Structures – Inventory of Existing Facilities, Safety Assessment, Threat Scenarios, and Response Capabilities and Needs for the City and Municipality of Dębica, Based on Experiences from the Conflict in Ukraine

Abstract: War threats associated with escalating geopolitical tensions pose a serious danger to the civilian population, compelling the authorities of the Republic of Poland to undertake protective measures. This paper analyzes the state of security and the level of public awareness regarding crisis management, using the city and municipality of Dębica in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship as a case study. The research encompasses protective structures and local territorial units, identifying key issues within the region. The findings indicate deficiencies in the infrastructure of protective buildings and crisis management systems, which undermine the community's capacity to respond effectively to threats. Residents demonstrate insufficient knowledge regarding the locations of protective structures and the necessary skills for crisis management. This paper emphasizes the importance of education and public awareness in the context of civil protection, presenting recommendations aimed at enhancing the safety of local communities. These recommendations serve as a foundation for future actions at both the regional and national levels. Key words: Crisis management, Protective structures, Radar systems, Military security, War in Ukraine