MUCORMICOSE RINO-ÓRBITO-CEREBRAL EM PACIENTE CRÍTICO: RELATO DE CASO E REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection with high mortality. It mainly affects immunocompromised patients or those with severe underlying clinical conditions. The genera responsible for most mucormycosis cases are Rhizopus spp., Mucor spp., and Lichtheimia spp., which are commonly found in the environment and grow rapidly. Humans are extensively exposed to them during daily activities. This case report describes a presentation of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis. A 48-year-old female patient, diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, and obstructive uropathy, progressed to refractory septic shock of urinary origin, diabetic ketoacidosis, and dialysis-dependent renal failure. After one week of hospitalization, a well-defined violaceous plaque measuring 2 cm was observed in the nasal region, which rapidly progressed to an extensive necrotic plaque with vascular ischemic characteristics. It affected the nasal region, forehead, maxillae, and upper lip, as well as infiltrated the bilateral orbital region with a cotton-like appearance. Despite early clinical suspicion, timely diagnosis, and the initiation of appropriate antifungal treatment, the outcome was unfavorable, with death occurring approximately one week after the lesion's onset, reflecting the severity of mucormycosis.